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Runaway Climate Change

Based on current trajectories of greenhouse gas emissions, biodiversity loss, and ecosystem degradation, the most probable global-scale catastrophe is irreversible climate feedback loops leading to runaway climate change. The 2020s are showing accelerating tipping points—such as Arctic ice loss, permafrost methane release, and Amazon rainforest dieback—that could self-reinforce beyond human control.

While geopolitical conflicts, pandemics, or AI pose significant risks, climate change is uniquely systemic and slow-burning, making it likely to exacerbate all other threats. It disrupts food and water security, triggers mass migration, and strains governance structures, potentially sparking cascading failures across interconnected societies. Current mitigation efforts remain insufficient to alter this core trajectory, making severe disruption to global civilization highly probable within this century.